重庆社会科学

在城乡融合发展背景下，乡村经营成为激活乡村内生动力、推动乡村全面振兴的关键路径，其以盘活乡村资源、促进城乡要素双向流动为核心，是城乡关系演进与乡村发展实践的必然选择。基于对浙江、江西、湖南等地的实地调研，构建“宏观基础—微观动因—实践机制”分析框架，系统探析乡村经营的发展逻辑与实践路径。研究发现，城乡结构转型、乡村战略转变与国家治理创新构成乡村经营的宏观基础，而乡村资源整合困境、产业市场风险与集体经济治理难题则是其发展的微观动因。在实践中，乡村经营呈现“资源整合—关系调适—差异经营—赋能集体”的系统化机制，各环节双向互动、协同发力，推动乡村从“资源承载地”向“价值创造体”转型。但当前乡村经营仍面临主体能力不足、制度供给滞后等问题，“十五五”时期需从强化人才支撑、优化要素配置、深化制度创新、注重文化赋能等方面施策，完善乡村经营发展的政策体系，进一步激活乡村资源价值，助力城乡融合发展与新型农村集体经济壮大。

Under the backdrop of integrated urban-rural development, rural operation has become a key pathway for tapping into endogenous rural vitality and promoting the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas. Centered on revitalizing rural resources and facilitating two-way flows of urban and rural factors, rural operation represents an inevitable choice in the evolution of urban-rural relations and the practice of rural development. Based on field surveys conducted in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, and other regions, this study constructs an analytical framework— "macro foundations—micro drivers—practical mechanisms" —to systematically explore the developmental logic and practical pathways of rural operation. The research finds that the transformation of urban-rural structures, the shift in rural strategies, and innovations in national governance form the macro foundations of rural operation, while challenges in integrating rural resources, risks in industrial markets, and shortcomings in collective economic governance serve as its micro drivers. In practice, rural operation manifests as a systematic mechanism characterized by "resource integration—relationship adjustment—differentiated operation—empowerment of collectives". Each stage features bidirectional interactions and synergistic efforts, driving rural areas to transform from mere "resource carriers" into "value-creating entities". However, rural operation currently still faces issues such as insufficient capacity among key actors and lagging institutional support. During the 15 th Five-Year Plan period, targeted measures should be taken to strengthen talent support, optimize factor allocation, deepen institutional innovation, and emphasize cultural empowerment, thereby perfecting the policy framework for rural operation development, further unlocking the value of rural resources, and contributing to the integrated development of urban and rural areas as well as the robust growth of new types of rural collective economies.