重庆社会科学

改革开放以来,我国养老服务发展的一个核心概念和突出转向就是"社会化"。从政策层面所反映出来的养老服务"社会化"的演变,既体现了改革开放对于养老服务的影响,也反映了养老服务对于经济体制变革的回应。改革开放至今我国养老服务政策可以根据社会化的内容和程度分为老龄问题开始进入国家视野、养老服务由"福利性"向"社会化"拓展、形成社会养老服务的概念和体系、全面社会化和产业化四个阶段。在四十年的演进过程中,"社会"概念逐渐回归其本身的广泛内涵,"社会化"的内容也发生了变化。在"社会化"这个核心概念的主导下,社会养老服务体系建设明确了三种养老方式的界定及其关系定位,在强化国家责任与推进社会化进程之间实现了有效平衡,养老服务与社会的互动不断增加。

Socialization is the core concept and prominent trend of the China's elderly care service since the Reform and Opening-Up. The socialization process of elderly care service policies not only reflects the impact of Reform and Opening-Up on the elderly care service, but also presents the response of elderly care service to the reform of the economic system. The development history of elderly care policy can be divided into four periods according to the content and degree of the socialization. These periods are the recognition of state about aging issues, the transformation of elderly care service from welfare to socialization, the crystallization of concept and system for social elderly care service, and the comprehensive development of socialization and industrialization. During the development of 40 years,the connotation of social concept has been extended and the content of socialization has been also adjusted. While the concept of socialization plays an important role, it has definitely led to some changes in the elderly care service system. Initially, the definitions and the relationship of the three patterns of aged service have become more definite. Furthermore, the balance of responsibilities between the state and social forces has been achieved. Moreover, the interaction between the elderly care service and society has been increased significantly.