重庆社会科学

《民法典》在立法层面对于居住权的确认使得房屋上的权利种类更为多样化,内容更为具体化,但与此同时同房屋相关的执行问题也变得更加复杂。居住权的物权属性赋予了其天然的对世对抗性,其设立的登记要件虽然能够就房屋本身的权利冲突提供解决思路,但非以房屋为诉讼标的物的执行情形却缺乏参考标准。而居住权对抗性与传统理论中人役性对居住权转让的限制将导致房屋附上无法去除的权利瑕疵,致使执行程序陷入僵化的困局。欲图完善与优化涉居住权的执行程序,应当从对居住权自身人役性的破除出发,以开放式的立法激活居住权的流通性为基础,以居住权人处分自身权利的自由为起点,实现执行程序中居住权处置路径的灵活化。

The confirmation of right of habitation in the civil code makes the types of rights related to houses more diversified and the contents more specific, but at the same time, theenforcementissues related to houses become more complex. The real right attribute of the right of habitation endows it with natural antagonism to the world. Although the registration of the right of habitation can provide solutions to the conflict of rights of the houses itself, there is a lack of reference standard for the enforcement not related to the houses directly. The antagonism and the restriction of human servitude on the transfer of right of right of habitation in the traditional theory will lead to the defects of the right that can not be removed, resulting in the rigid dilemma of enforcement procedure. In order to perfect the enforcement procedure of the right of habitation, we should start from breaking the servitude of itself, based on the open legislation to activate the circulation of the right of habitation, and from the freedom of the right of habitation to dispose of their own rights, so as to achieve the flexibility of the disposal path of the right of habitation in the enforcement procedure.